The next time the printers go away try just relaunching the Finder and see if that will bring them back.
Also, log into another user account on your Mac and run for a while to see if the problem persists there.
If it doesn't log back into your account, download and run Etrecheck. Copy and paste the results into your reply. Etrecheck is a diagnostic tool that was developed by one of the most respected users here in the ASC and recommended by Apple Support to provide a snapshot of the system and help identify the more obvious culprits that can adversely affect a Mac's performance.