Hi Tabosko,
I have just done this myself, with the Sintech adaptor I have installed a Samsung evo 970 1tb, all looking really good so far – some breathing space at last! Double the read / write speeds coming from the standard 256gb ssd.
1) Do a Time machine backup
2) Prepare a usb installer of High Sierra or above, the drive will only be visible High Sierra onwards.
3) Do the brain surgery on your mac, be carful when removing and installing the adapter to the mac pro as the connection doesn't allow for the drive to lean forward, just very small pulls upwards and avoid touching any components in your mac.
4) Place the usb installer in and power on, hold the option key down
5) If you can see the drive in disk utility, erase and format the drive to APFS format
6) Close disk utility and restore from your time machine backup
These drives are like sticks of gum, they are tiny and the connections are too, take great care with EVERYTHING you do, small movements, gently place males into female connections etc...
This is just how I did things, and obviously take no responsibility if you do any damage to your machine.
Thanks,
Al