The 5 minute period is not determined or controlled by CCC, but by the Unix command "sudo" which CCC uses. Open a Terminal window, type
man sudo, hit <return>, and read all about it. (Tap the spacebar to move on a page).
After authenticating with the padlock there is no panic - you have 5 minutes, but not longer. Once cloning starts there is continuous activity, which keeps sudo "alive"; what causes these glitches is a 5 minute period of
inactivity. Oh, and it's not CCC that keeps asking for the password – it's the operating system: you might notice a different style of authentication panel to the one that CCC put up. Best, though, is not to encourage it to happen! :=)
BTW, in the link that Baltwo gave there are some 'Stickies' which are important for all CCC users. Start with "Journaling, Zeroing, etc".
Moderator, forums.bombich.com [Yup, another one!]