Let me first of all say that I prefer Apple Mail for its simplicity and unified inbox. But I also use Entourage. Here are a few of my observations:
1. Entourage does include conduits for Palm that work with both the Palm software and Missing Sync.
2. The current versions of Entourage syncs with Address Book and iCal, and has a .mac sync also for Notes. So, instead of using the supplied Palm sync conduits, with Missing Sync I let Entourage sync against the Apple sync system, which then syncs to Palm.
3. Images do not download automatically in the latest version.
4. It has Apple feature support such as AppleScript and Spotlight search.
5. Large mailboxes are stable - they are still not that way in Apple Mail.
6. Exchange Server access is more robust.
7. I have not seen the system load you mention, but I run on large memory systems (2Gb and 4GB.)
8. The interface and behavior is more customizable - I mean sounds, spell checking, and most importantly, when and how to send for each account under particular circumstances. This allows you to queue mail for sending, and then execute it once you are sure, you are not going to change your mind. There are also ways to group mail in the listing pane similar to Outlook. etc.
8. Functionality includes a News Reader integrated with experience, mailing lists manager etc.
The most important aspect is that Entourage takes an integrated producticity approach linking address book, calendar, and communications in one environment. This includes grouping items by project. By necessity, it is more complex this way. Apple offers simplicity and modularity.
It is clear the Microsoft team tried to achieve the best of both worlds. But in that it is more like Outlook - the proverbial kitchen sink!
My way out is to set up a local imap server to share local folders between both applications, and use them depending on circumstance. All my mail servers are imap plus on exchange, so I have the both views onto the same world.
Hope that helps.
-- Harald