I have the same problem with my iPhone 4 and iOS 4.1!
I can hear people but they can't hear me. Voice Record works fine, the problem is only with calls. Sporadically they can hear me some seconds, but usually they don't hear nothing. My old phone call with this microsim in the same place and there are no problem.
It seems a software bug, but only with some bad lucky users like me. Microphone works fine with another apps! It's very strange.
Now, I have a new phone of 700€ that doesn't work as phone. Amazing!
AntennaGate is a small problem compared with this!
I begin to see news about this issue:
http://www.noticias2d.com/2010/09/23/iphone-4-problemas-en-el-microfono-de-iphon e-4/
Another threads:
http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=2539467&tstart=30
http://getsatisfaction.com/apple/topics/iphonecant_hear_meever
Please Apple, attend your loyal users.
Greetings from Spain.