Hi,
unfortunately, these answers do not help. I believe this is a bug in the iCloud plugin for MS Outlook.
I have the same issue, but one needs to describe it more clearly. It doesn't happen always, but ONLY when the icloud plugin in outlook is "offline" (i.e., you are creating a calendar entry in outlook while not connected to the internet). As soon as the icloud plugin becomes online again, all entries that were created offline are duplicated. It appears that they are synced to the cloud and then back again, but not associated with the original entries that were created offline.
What's more, the entries that were created offline cannot be deleted or modified in any way in Outlook. They also appear ONLY in outlook, not on the iphone or on the web icloud. It's purely an artifact of the icloud plugin.
The only way to get rid of these entries is to sign out of icloud on the PC, deleting all calendar entries, and sign in again.