Ian,
I really can't put this thing out for public inspection, it's a proprietary financial product of mine.
But, I will share what I've discovered along the way and how I finally resolved this issue.
After more careful analysis, I discovered my original problem was actually associated with only one of the tables in the file. I could not add a line or, as it turned-out, delete a line or the affected table (tab) either.
After performing back-ups, I added a new table and recreated the structure, formulae, links and data based on the corrupted one. Once this was complete and its integration with the rest of the package checked-out, the problem table itself was now "functionally" isolated.
At this point, I then discovered I couldn't delete the problem table. I removed all the data, etc., and still couldn't delete it. I subsequently found I could delete only a single (blank) line at a time, from the bottom up (about 40 lines). This worked for all lines except the last one (line 1). Since it was the last line associated with what was the original table, I found I could "select" the corner "circle icon" for the table and successfully delete it. Home free? Not so fast!
Now, the blank table (tab) would not delete. I then exported the file to Numbers 09. There, I was finally able to delete the problem child. After which, I accepted the offer to upgrade the whole thing back to "Numbers 5.3".
After performing the export, tab delete, and upgrade, I discovered two things about my newly-repaired file. First, most of the links I previously restored in the replacement table were now gone (disappeared). These I replaced and all is well. Second, the newly repaired file size is now only 1.8MB, down from the original 2.8MB!
The only thing I can now add to this saga is that this spreadsheet file started out as an Excel 2010 file, imported into Numbers about fourteen months ago. Perhaps it's been harboring some "excess baggage" associated with that conversion! (In a former work-life, we called this kind of thing a "fluke"! Just fix it and move on.)
Also, I don't think any the formulas I used caused any of the problems. Outside of a couple of "Now()" instances, they are limited to financial, mathematical and reference types working with local data. And, lots of links!
And finally, I don't think file size played any part. I tried changing the file type from "single" (default) to "package" with no effect. By the way, Apple suggests using "package" file type to improve performance for files over 500MB!
Not sure what happened, but everything is OK now.
Thank you for your suggestions and interest.
Mike