The RAW format for photos is giving you the image information as captured by the sensor, without any preprocessing.
before we can work with a RAW photo it has to be developed and saved in a more convenient image format. During the RAW development the lens artifacts have to be corrected, specific for the lens of the camera and a photometric correction applied, specific for the sensor and the lens.
Normally, this will be done right in the camera, and we download the developed TIFF or JPEG.
If you are taking pictures in difficult lighting situations or want to apply advanced enhancements, you may want to start from the RAW image, because the JPEG compression may have already lost resulted in lost details and the structure of the photo. Starting all edits from the RAW image may result in sharper and more detailed images, help you to preserve fine details in the highlights and the shadows. I am taking the images in RAW format, when I want to combine multiple exposures into a HDR photo. But most of the time I am quite happy with the RAW development in my camera. It is frequently better than I get it done manually.
If you want to compare, if you would profit from RAW, set your camera to take RAW&JPEG pairs and then compare the two versions.