What you have is what is known as a 'stub' installer. Your right it cannot be used to build a bootable USB drive. These stub installers are a pain in the neck.
This article discusses one method - http://osxdaily.com/2017/09/27/download-complete-macos-high-sierra-installer/
However the way I do it is to use a script from here - https://github.com/munki/macadmin-scripts/blob/master/installinstallmacos.py
You run this script in Terminal.app it then lists installers available to download that suit the Mac model you are running on. Currently it lists both High Sierra and Mojave installers. It will download the full installer and create a disk image containing it, you could then mount this disk image and use the enclosed installer to build a bootable USB installer.