The Updates section in the App Store only shows updates available for the OS you are running and any apps you have purchased from the App Store., as you are on Yosemite 10.10.5 there are no more system updates available. Going from one OS to a newer OS is called an upgrade and these are never listed in the Updates section.
Your Mac is able to upgrade further than El Capitan, the App Store realises that and therefore refuses you the download of El Capitan. Unfortunately it doesn't go on to tell you you can upgrade to High Sierra.
How to upgrade to macOS High Sierra - Apple Support
If you decide to upgrade to High Sierra make a full back up first. Then check with the developers of any third party apps you use to see if there are updates available so they will work in the new OS. Also check with the manufacturers of any printers/ scanners etc that there are available drivers and software so they too will continue to function.