Hi Tom,
After reading you post, I constructed a fairly simple table with four columns and more than 20,000 rows. I entered the Column letter into row 1 (a header row), then filled all the non-header rows in columns B, C and D with this formula (entered in C2, filled left and right into B2 and D2, then filled down the the then current last row of the table (around 10 or 20), then added rows to the table (and filled the formula into the added rows) by dragging down the Row control handle for a few minutes until the row number reached the number shown in the image below:

The formula, entered in C2, is: REPT(C$1,MOD(ROW(cell),6)+1)
Shotly after Numbers finished filling the fromula into all 20,000+ rows and three columns, ten calculated and showed the results. I clcked the column reference tab for column C to select that column, waited a few seconds, then clicked and held on the same column until it 'rose' from the sheet, then dragged column C left, and dropped it to the left of column B, and dropped it there.

Note that the calculations continued to reference the cell at the top of the column (now column B).
i then repeated the steps with column D, moving it two columns to the left to become the new column B, pushing the original column C back to the column C location and the original column B into the column D location, again in a matter of a few seconds.

Remembering that you had said your table had nine columns, I added a column to the table, scrolled to the top of the table, entered an E in row 1, then continued to add columns until I reached a total of 15 (A to M), with all cells except the ones in Row 1 and Column A containing the formula shown above. Filling the new cells and completing the calculations took about half a minute.
Finally, I again selected column C, clicked a second time and held on its column reference tab, then when it lifted, dragged it right and dropped it between columns J and K. Columnd D to J shifted left, and column C became the new column J, as seen below. The column move was quite smooth, and took a minimal amount of computer time to complete.

Numbers 3.6.2, OS X 10.11.6
Regards,
Barry