PC detects iPhone, but contents not accessible

My Windows 10 laptop appears to recognize my iPhone, but won't show or give me access to the contents.

The version of iTunes I'm using is downloaded from the Microsoft Store. I tried installing the version downloaded directly from Apple as a workaround, but it made my laptop unbootable and I had to restore my system from a backup.

I attempted to follow the instructions for restarting the Apple Mobile Device Service, but when I open the services console, AMDS is not listed.

When I run a device connectivity test in iTunes, the following warning is displayed:

iPod support service is not installed

However, lower in the same screen it says:

iPhone found

In the diagnostics log displayed after the tests are complete, one line reads:

Apple iPod Driver not found

Additionally, no Apple Mobile Device USB Driver is to be found in the list of USB controllers in Device Manager.

Incidentally, my phone doesn't display the Trust This Computer prompt when it's first connected to the PC.