Hello adrianknorr,
Thanks for asking the Apple Support Communities about your MacBook Pro.
Since the issue is also occurring in macOS Recovery, I recommend running diagnostics on your computer.
This article has info and the steps: How to use Apple Diagnostics on your Mac - Apple Support
If you receive any reference codes, you can check them here: Apple Diagnostics: Reference codes - Apple Support
Or have the device checked at an Apple Authorized Service Provider or Apple Store.
Please make a backup before taking the computer in to your appointment: Back up your Mac with Time Machine - Apple Support
Also, you will need to have your Apple ID and password handy when visiting a service provider. Check this help article under the bottom section titled "Get ready for service" for other items to ensure you are prepared: Mac Service and Repair - Apple Support
"Get ready for service
Before you return your Mac to us, be sure to enable FileVault and back up your data. You may need the backup if your Mac needs to be reformatted during the repair process. Apple isn't responsible for lost data.
Read the Apple privacy policy"
You can find a service provider using this link: Apple Find Locations
Thanks and have a wonderful day.