Hi admin0730,
Thank you for posting. I understand you're not seeing your contacts after updating your iPhone.
You've done some great troubleshooting so far. If you open a web browser on your computer and Use iCloud.com, do you see your contacts there?
Are you running into similar issues with any other synced content, like Photos or Calendar?
If you see your contacts on the iCloud website, this resource has steps you can try next: If your iCloud Contacts, Calendars, or Reminders won’t sync. In particularly, the suggestion to update to iOS 13.1 would be a great idea if you haven't already.
I hope this helps! Take care.