Just as a follow up to what Quinn said, there is, in fact, a solution equally robust as what he used for row labels, just not a simple one. It’s a bit more complicated and requires additional tables, but you can just copy my formulas, and hide those tables behind your main table (you’ll want to hide some rows in one of them, as it is very long).

First, I set up two additional tables (on the left), one with 26 rows and 3 columns, the other with 255 rows and 2 columns. In the first table (26x3), I enter numbers and letters as shown. You can just enter the first few and fill down until the final row, which you will have to enter manually as it deviates from the pattern as you can see.
Then, in my 255x2 table, I enter numbers from 1 to 255 in the first column. Again, use auto-fill for this. In the second, use this formula:
A1=INDEX(Table 1::A:B,MATCH(QUOTIENT(A1−1,26),Table 1::A),2)&INDEX(Table 1::A:C,MATCH(MOD(ROW(),26),Table 1::A),3)

Fill that all the way down to 255. You’ll know it worked correctly if the text “IU” appears in row 255.
Then, in the main table, in the first column (Row labels) use ROW() as Quinn suggested. In the first row (column labels), use this formula:
B1=INDEX(Columns::$A:$B,MATCH(COLUMN(),Columns::$A,1),2)

Note that because the first row and column are used for labels, your first non-label cell in the table is B2. If you want this marked as AI, then your formulas would be this:
In the first column, for your row labels, use the formula:
=ROW-1
In the first row, for your column labels, use the formula:
=INDEX(Columns::$A:$B,MATCH(COLUMN()-1,Columns::$A,1),2)
That formula I showed above looks pretty intimidating, but really all it does is generate a 2 character string for our lookup table that corresponds with the column names, from A to IU, without having to compile the list manually. Most users never need to go all the way to 255, but I like to be thorough.
As the work has already been done, you can access it yourself here: https://www.icloud.com/numbers/0ktoC40fSnqcJqmcS7kzGLQDA#Column/Row_Labels
Export, and save as a template. Copy that column with the ugly formula and paste values. You can then safely delete the 26x3 table, as it was simply a lookup table to allow us to build another lookup table. You won’t need to use it again.