My new 16 inch MacBook Pro is attached to a NEC PA272w monitor via a HyperDrive dock using a mini-DisplayPort cable. Upon startup, I was getting five or six minutes of fan noise. The fan noise persisted when I tried a CableMatters USB-C to mini-DisplayPort cable. When I detached the external monitor completely, the noise was less, but still present.
I installed Temperature Gauge Pro and looked at it and Activity Monitor at startup. I was surprised to see just how many items loaded at startup—Spotlight was still indexing; DropBox, Microsoft OneDrive, Creative Cloud, BackBlaze, and a couple of other programs that I didn’t recognize all started up; the computer started syncing with the many gigs of files that I have in iCloud. While this was occurring, the CPU temps were in the red and the fans hit 5000 rpm. The CPU temps became normal again after a few minutes, but it took the fans several more minutes to decrease and become inaudible.
In particular, I found that loading OneDrive really caused the CPU temps and fans to spike.
I changed permissions so that as little as possible loads at startup. I then measured everything again with no iCloud sync or Spotlight indexing going on. The fan noise was negligible, and the fan rpm measurements did not exceed 3500 and was that high only briefly. When I detached the external monitor, I couldn’t hear the fans at all.
I know everyone’s situation is different, but in my case, I’ve seen dramatic improvement and it may be worth a try for you.