Try a full re-pair, reset, and try again.
Start with Unpairing/"Forgetting" the Device:
Settings > Bluetooth > Airpods > Forget this device. Confirm it.
Put both Airpods in their case, charge them via Lightning for a few minutes (or preferably until the case is 100%). Unplug them. Open the case and hold the button on the back of the case for 15+ seconds or until the light flashes white. Hold them near your iPhone and see if the pairing screen comes up and pair them. If not, repeat until it does. But if you can't see the screen pop up, then manually pair within Bluetooth.
If it doesn't work, open a case with Apple Support here: https://support.apple.com/airpods
Also please let me know the Firmware Version if it doesn't work:
Settings > General > About > AirPods > Firmware Version
Also make sure the ear tips fit well. Run the Ear Tip Test and also just use your own fingers to wiggle the AirPods and kind of tug on them lightly to see if the fit is too loose.