CLI data is a Carrier function - i.e., your communications carrier either forwards this data to you phone (or other device) or doesn’t. As such, you won’t find an explicit setting for this on either your iPhone or iPad.
If CLI data is received from the communication carrier, your iPhone (and any iPad linked to the same iPhone) will process the data as needed.
If you have any issues with receiving CLI data, you should approach your Carrier. Some Carriers make an additional subscription charge for CLI services.
I hope you find this clarification to be helpful.