Security: What exactly is going on here/does the bold part of this prompt mean?
"Confirm your Mac password to keep using iCloud." "You recently changed the password you use to unlock this Mac. This password also protects access to data stored in iCloud."
This freaks me out a bit. What data, exactly, in iCloud, does this password protect, and how does Apple do that without allowing my password to leave my Mac? Because if Apple is sending my Mac password to Apple, I'm confident many security experts would be surprised if not shocked to hear that Apple has started collecting Mac user's local passwords. If anyone can point to Apple documentation that clarifies what the heck is going on here, I'd appreciate it. I would think that Apple would use my iCloud password, not my Mac password to protect my data stored in iCloud. I'm wondering: When and why and how is Apple using my Mac password for that? (I know, this is a user-user support community, so I'm not expecting an official answer in reply.)
I did recently change the password I use to unlock my account on this (standalone) Mac.
But in System Preferences...iCloud, for this Mac, I do see,
"This Mac is trusted and can receive
Apple ID verification codes."
I can find nothing here in forums (but this 2017 Q with no A), but I should look more in Apple's online documentation.