I have seen this problem, and a similar one, before. But, I have not seen a solution. If you have a Mac, or can borrow one, you can consider changing your Apple ID at Apple ID: Your Account for Everything Apple https://appleid.apple.com/#!&page=signin. Then, as Eric mentions above, Restore to Factory setting shttps://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201252 Use your new Apple ID in setting up your iPhone. I definitely can not guarantee that this solution will work.
See what to do [before or] after you change your Apple ID or password
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204071
Keep in mind that things done under one Apple ID don't transfer
to a new Apple ID. For example, if you made an App Store purchase under an old
Apple ID, then the item purchased will not be available under the new Apple ID.
Another example is that you will not have access to anything in iCloud/iCloud
Drive under your old Apple ID. So, I think you would want to back these things
up to a computer before creating a new Apple ID.