Here's a few possible simple solves...
First the reason why, so it makes sense.
When performing updates the computer usually restarts rather than shutting down fully. I've noticed peripherals like scanners and RAID arrays don't always mount on those restarts. It takes a full shutdown and reboot for these connected devices to mount properly.
Shut down your Mac.
Unplug the monitor from your Air.
Turn off the power on the monitor.
Start your Mac normally with the power supply connected.
Plug in the monitor normally.
Plug in the monitor.
If this doesn't work, try a PRAM or SMC reset when you're staring back up.
Steps for these vary slightly by the year and model of your Mac, but generally simple.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201295
Depending of the year of your MacBook Air, It's also possible that the port you're plugging into makes a difference. On some newer machines, the ports on the left side provide / accept more power, which your adapter may require to function. If you're plugged in on the right, try the left.
Finally, check the adapter you're using. Things poop out. The little stuff generally goes first. Crazy, but it happens.
My guess is that with the exception of the wrong port, you'll find that once your monitor is detected, it'll be recognized normally again. Hope this helps.