I get a similar situation now and then. Don't know why one file will keep the original file metadata and others new file metadata when they ar copied to another volume.
This may be like closing the barn door after the horses are gone but may work for future files.
I download each day's shoot to a folder on the hard drive with Image Capture. I name the folder for the data and a brief description of photos' contents, like this:
Using a file renamer app like Name Mangler I rename each file with the date, brief description and sequential number:
That way I never have to wonder about when the photo was taken and what it's about A little effort up front saves a lot of time and worry later on.
You can do that for existing photos in the library by renaming the Titles with this AppleScript: Batch Change Title to Capture Date-Description-Padded Sequential Numbers.
You can download a compiled version of the script as an application from this tutorial site: P01 - Applescripts from Photos User Tips Compiled as Applications. The first time you run the app Control (right) - click on it and select Open from the contextual menu.
Then when you export the file for use outside the library use the Title as the new file name.
Just some food for thought.