Hello poppurple,
Thanks for reaching out to the Apple Support Communities! I understand from your post that you're unable to use the camera and microphone on your MacBook with third-party video conferencing apps. I understand how important it is to be able to connect using video conferencing.
You've done a great job trying different apps, as well as removing and reinstalling those apps. Have you been able to try and see if the camera and microphone are working as expected with FaceTime or Photo Booth? This will help us determine if there may be a hardware related issue or if it's only with the software.
Let’s begin with some basic troubleshooting, if you haven’t done so already, and then work our way toward more complex ones. This will help us to isolate the issue further with the camera of your MacBook:
1 - Quit all apps. If it will not quit, follow these steps to force it to quit: How to force an app to quit on your Mac.
2 - Restart your iMac: Go to the Apple menu in the top left corner of your screen > Restart. Launch FaceTime and see if the camera turns on, and if you can complete a call with video and audio. See if you can take a video or photo with Photo Booth: Take a photo or record a video in Photo Booth on Mac. If it works with FaceTime or Photo Booth, try one of the third-party apps.
If the MacBook works in FaceTime or Photo Booth, but not with a third-party app, continue with these troubleshooting steps:
3 - Quit all apps again
4 - Hold down the shift key on the left side of the keyboard as you click on one of the third-party apps to launch it. This allows the app to bypass the last saved state for the app. When the app begins bouncing in the dock, you can release the shift key. Once the app is up and running, see if the app requests access. If it does, follow these steps: Control access to your camera on Mac and Control access to your microphone on Mac.
If you're unable to allow access, or if you do not receive the request, continue troubleshooting
5 - How to reset the System Management Controller (SMC) on your Mac.
6 - Reset NVRAM or PRAM on your Mac.
7 - Restart in safe mode and test again: Use safe mode to isolate issues with your Mac.
8 - If still occurring in safe mode you’ll need to create a new user and test it out again. This article will show you how: How to test an issue in another user account on your Mac.
All the best.