Battery Recalibration
This technique is controversial but has been marked as a solution by more than one community member.
It is suitable when battery charge drops step-wise or dramatically has you described..
It may be that a new battery is required but worth a try
First backup the phone
How to back up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch
Then put on a video with full screen brightness and the auto lock set to never so that the battery runs down fully. Throw in the flashlight if you want.
When flat (turns off), leave it flat for one hour, no more, no less,
Apply the charger and in one session fully charge the phone and leave it on charge for at least 2 hours after it reaches 100%
Remove from charger and immediately force restart
https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/iphone/iph8903c3ee6/ios
The battery is now recalibrated.
Any further dramatic stepwise loss should indicate a new battery is needed, particularly if large losses are experienced when the phone is powered off.
General high usage (but steady) may indicate a rogue app or setting, in which case the next step would be to restore your device, and setup the device without restoring a backup, to see if the issue is replicated. I would first make sure you have a backup so your data is saved.
Here is a guide for those steps:
How to back up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch
Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod to factory settings
and see how it goes
If no improvement send it for repair or replace battery
If it works well restore from backup but be prepared to wipe again without restore from backup.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204184