I'm not even sure it has to do with background activity and might be the OS doing something under the hood that's keeping the darn things active and draining.
I have an older iPhone 6s that I've turned into a makeshift iPod. Literally nothing is on there except stock apps that I can't delete, I've turned off ALL background services, and, I keep it in airplane mode as I use wired headphones. Location services off, background app refresh off, live wallpapers off -- it's literally just a dumb media player that could connect to WiFi and surf in a pinch and take photos. Even with my battery health being 86%, I was usually able to get several days of standby and light media playback usage out of it before getting down to 15% or less. After 13.5.1, it drains by half its battery in standby overnight!
They can't blame app re-indexing in my case. I'm going to invest in a new battery just because I feel like it and like having the device as a stand alone media player. I'm taking it into the Apple Store tomorrow for battery replacement service but I don't expect miracles; the battery drain issue is clearly a core iOS flaw that needs to be fixed.