More details are needed such as what make & model of Firewire drive/enclosure? Same with the physical SSD you removed from it? And the make/model of the USB enclosure? Not all USB to SATA Adapters, drive docks, or enclosures are compatible with all SSDs.
Were you using any proprietary software to manage the Firewire SSD? If so and the SSD supports hardware encryption, then the SSD may be encrypted so it won't be visible to the system. You would need to use the proprietary software to disable any hardware encryption.
What is the file system and partition style used on the SSD?
Is it possible the SSD wasn't properly ejected the last time it was connected to the Mac? A lot of forum posts here where people have trouble seeing an improperly ejected drive. I know some of my external drives take forever to fully unmount so I wait at least a minute now since macOS no longer notifies me it is safe to disconnect the drive.