The SanDisk USB sticks do seem to work better than many out there. So many people use the cheapest ones out there which I why I made the comment.
I'll have to leave any GPU issues to @Grant since I've never used a flashed GPU in a MacPro so I am not familiar with which ones will work best.
The fact that the USB stick has its LED lit for so long is a concern. Have you tried other USB ports?
You can also remove the side cover & clear shield to check the LEDs on the Logic Board. I believe some of the diagnostic LEDs are located near the memory slots, but I think there may be other LEDs elsewhere on the Logic Board. Mark down which LEDs are lit and which are dark and post the information here. You may be able to find references to those diagnostics LEDs online.
You may want to try boot a Linux USB drive as it may provide some clues about the hardware. Normally I would suggest using Knoppix, but Knoppix doesn't display anything on the Mac's screen until late into the boot process which won't help you here. Instead try creating a bootable Ubuntu or Linux Mint USB drive. If you use a Live USB version, then you will need to press either "Esc" or "Shift" while Linux is booting in order to view the boot log as the system boots. If the boot stalls out maybe the log will give you a clue. You will need to Option Boot the Linux USB drive and select the orange icon labeled "EFI".