Hey TheLittles,
Thanks for sharing those details with us. You've done some great work to isolate the issue and personalize your settings.
We'll gladly address your conclusions and take your questions one at a time below.
Brightness:
This feature can definitely affect battery life, so we commend you for adjusting it, and quickly noticing a difference. Ideally, we suggest reducing it to the lowest brightness level which is comfortable for you, and enabling the Auto-brightness feature so your iPhone can readily adjust to changes in ambient light. Check out this helpful guide to Adjust the brightness on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch.
The Percentage:
Great question! Your battery's maximum capacity, which you can view in Settings > Battery > Battery Health, is an indicator of the lifespan remaining.
A typical battery will continue to perform well through about 500 cycles or until that number has dropped to 80% or below. Follow this link to learn about that and other factors which influence iPhone Battery and Performance.
Specifically, we want to point your attention to the details in the section entitled "Your battery's maximum capacity". We'll include an excerpt here for your quick reference:
"Maximum battery capacity measures the device battery capacity relative to when it was new. A battery will have lower capacity as the battery chemically ages which may result in fewer hours of usage between charges...A normal battery is designed to retain up to 80% of its original capacity at 500 complete charge cycles when operating under normal conditions. "
To learn more about charging cycles, and what is considered a full charging cycle, we recommend checking out this informative link: Why Lithium-ion?
Usage:
Since you've pinned down that Safari is using a higher percentage of battery life than you'd like to see, we suggest checking your Safari settings as detailed here: Browse privately in Safari on iPhone.
After following the tips above, test the battery usage for 24-48 hours to compare to the battery usage prior to the changes.
Cheers!