Hello mcallister129,
Thank you for reaching out in Apple Support Communities. We understand you're unable to add the News widget on your iPhone.
Widgets is a great way to gather more information with your favorite apps. We'll be happy to help.
Excellent job with the troubleshooting steps that were performed. To help isolate this behavior further, we recommend to search for the News widget in both the Home Screen and in the Today View. For the appropriate steps, please the sections that says, "Add widgets to your Home Screen" and "Add widgets to Today View": Use widgets on your iPhone and iPod touch
In addition, you'll want to make sure that News is toggled on for "Suggest App" and "Show App in Search" within your settings. To verify that, you can go to Settings > News > Siri & Search.
Please let us know if that helps.
Kind regards.