Apple ID asks for iPhone's 6-digit passcode to upgrade settings for MacBook Pro

I have a MacBook Pro and recently upgraded to MacOS Catalina from El Capitan. I am trying to set up my Apple ID.

I initially set it up and looked OK but later asked me to "update my settings" because "some services will not be available until i sign-in again". So it asked for the passcode of my iPhone 6 to upgrade the settings for the Apple ID. The problem is that my iPhone 6 has a 4-digit passcode so I followed the instructions and changed my passcode to a 6-digit one.

When I try to update the settings for my Apple ID, it asks for my apple-ID password and I put it, then my user password and I put it, and in the end it asks for the 6-digit passcode used by my iPhone to unlock. When I put the code, it says incorrect passcode and gives me a choice to "Reset Encrypted Data" to which I say Cancel.

Is there something that I am doing wrong? How do I update my Apple Id settings?