Thanks for your reply.
That's not how the deletion occurred. I wanted to get them all from the Cloud onto my phone, thought I had done so because I could see them on my phone. When I said to cut the connection to iCloud, I got a warning that they would also be taken off my phone, so I called Apple for advice. The employee said the warning was wrong, that if I had them on my phone, they would stay there. That isn't what happened. The pix were deleted everywhere. They may have changed that by now, I don't know. As it is, I can't even try to download all the photos onto my phone--there isn't enough room. I didn't know they were only being saved in low quality and the "real" versions only saved in the cloud. As I've mentioned, Apple repeatedly wrests away control of this, changing the setting, so in the end I was tricked as to how much storage was available on my phone. (They probably didn't think of it as something dastardly, but probably thought no one would not want to pay to store things in the cloud).
As for not being able to do things with them on the phone, that is because they *aren't on the phone*. The things I'm trying to do--use the editing tools in the Photos app on the phone, upload to other sites, etc, all require them to be on the phone, not in the cloud. I don't know where you get the idea that there are no editing options on the device--"edit" is right there in the Photos app, and contains the simple tools (adjust lighting, crop/resize, rotate) that I need.