There are reputable vendors with older & newer models online.
One that I'd noted, but have not bought Macs from, is OWC.
Examples of their macs new/used are among quality goods.
Generally a good bet would be to buy from Apple Refurbished
online, [& budget for the extended AppleCare+ plan.] These are
a percentage lower than similar new stock Macs. The MB/Pro
is better bet. I've a mid-2012 13-inch (non-retina) that does OK
that cost me about $700. locally; 2.5GHz CPU, 16GB RAM, SSD.
A variety of actual long standing resellers with good reputation
are regionally located; some are authorized Apple resellers with
repair facilities. Others may offer a much older and newer mix.
• Apple - Find Locations: (sales, service/support, training, consult)
https://locate.apple.com/
Most newer portable models may not have 'end-user' upgrade path
so hardware IS the path; buy more than you need for later expansion..
• About Mac notebook batteries - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204054
Also be aware of older Macs w/ failing batteries, this affects hardware.
Be aware of this: Foresee the need & buy into that, ahead of time.
Last fully upgradeable MacBook Pro 13" model was about mid-2012.
Mine runs Mojave 10.14.6; & have older systems in three other Macs.
(Also I use first-edition MacBook1.1 Early 2006 w/ 10.5.8 & TenFourFox.)
Good luck & happy computing!🌞🎣