YESSS! Finally I made it work on Big Sur 11.3, my printer is alive again!
I had ordered a new laserprinter a couple a weeks ago, but today it was delayed the second time. So for the 30th time I think, I tried to make my LBP2900 work. This time, I found out that the patch-file I had used was NOT a execfile, but a document with the same name. I dont know why this had occured, but I tried the steps again, first without deleting the printerfile in Library/Printers/Canon, not working. Tried again. Deleting the printer in "printers and scanners", deleting the Canon-driver in Library/Printers, restart, downloading and installing the driver, replacing the pathes, wrote the terminalcommand, connected the printer to my iMac, added it in system preferences, and tried to print. And it printed! What a feeling :)