I think I've found an actual solution. I had these EXACT symptoms but I think I've found the answer. Simply reinstall Big Sur without wiping your drive. Yes, it sounds counterintuitive - you just upgraded Big Sur, why install it again? But that's what I ended up doing.
To be precise, I did this, but I doubt you need to do all these steps. I think the key step was the last one: reinstalling Big Sur on top of an existing installation WITHOUT wiping your drive.
Upgraded Catalina to Big Sur. Started experiencing the freezing after anywhere from 10-80 minutes. The freezing was ONLY in Apple apps - Safari, Messages, Calendar, etc. Other apps (Chrome, etc.) still worked fine. All the same symptoms others have reported.
I decided to start over and install Big Sur from a wiped drive, then used Migration Assistant to import my old settings from a backup drive. But even after doing that, it continued to freeze up.
Finally I decided to try rebooting in Recovery Mode (hold Command-R down while booting), then reinstalled Big Sur: https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/reinstall-macos-mchlp1599/mac
This does NOT wipe your data or programs - just reinstalls Big Sur.
Everything is still there, all my programs and files and settings - but after working on it for hours, leaving it on overnight, opening it again - no freezing (so far, knock on wood).
Somehow reinstalling Big Sur, even though it shouldn't have "done anything", fixed whatever it is causing these freezes.
It's disappointing that Apple hasn't addressed this problem more seriously and really investigated this. I hope someone at Apple Support sees this post and is able to tell users having the problem to try this.