I have a similar issue with an external USB numeric keypad. My equipment is a MacBook Pro 15-inch 2019, an external USB keyboard, and a separate external USB numeric pad. In Catalina, the keyboard and keypad both worked perfectly, but since upgrading to Big Sur, the keyboard works fine, but the numeric pad behaves exactly as r_3 described: regardless of what key I press, the computer shows a 2, and then no other presses on the numeric pad have any visible effect.
I tried looking at the Keyboard Viewer as described near the bottom of the support article, but the input sources panel and the Keyboard Viewer app both show a keyboard without numeric pad.
To see if any numeric keypad presses showed up in Keyboard Viewer, I detached and reattached the pad, but nothing appears in the Keyboard Viewer app when I press a key on the keypad. (though each time I detach and reattach, the "just one 2" behavior recurs)
I use Karabiner Elements to remap my keyboard, but even if I disable Karabiner, the numeric pad issue persists.