I have the same issue:
My symptoms include:
1. Cannot export the photo: Unknown error (4)
2. Cannot export original of the photo: Unknown error (4)
3. Cannot edit the photo: Photos cannot load adjustments for this image <<< This is what you report
4. Cannot duplicate the photo: Failed to download assets for duplication
Note: revert to original is grayed out in the menu (i.e. not possible to revert)
I opened a support case with Apple on 10-Aug-2020.
They confirmed that the issue was real and they escalated the issue to Apple engineering.
Their only response so far has been "try upgrading photos", which I always did whenever a new release was available, but which never fixed the issue.
Over the past few months they have stopped responding to my e-mail asking about the status of the case (which is still open).
It appears to be a common issue:
https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/387121
https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/399027
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/252270575
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251674403
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251872717
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251602029
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/250932769
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/250852440
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/250870058
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/250771558
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251094038
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251245094
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251602029
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251036700
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251382514
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251854636