crystal_star wrote:
By extreme temperatures, what numbers specifically? Because I'm using it on a power bank now and it's kind of hot. Is it also bad to fast charge?
Faster charging inherently produces more heat, but that can be controlled. If it were really that bad, then the charge current would always be restricted. But what Apple allows is a compromise between battery longevity and the convenience of being able to charge faster. Lithium-ion batteries tend to get hotter when charging as they approach 100%, so the charge current will be reduced. Here's an article that shows it with a chart on the voltage and charge current. The current can typically approach the maximum allowable charge current (constant current) until it's about 70-75% full. Then a power management system will start to reduce the charge current (saturation charge). The closer it gets to 100% the lower the charge current will be. This is important to both keep the heat down, to reduce stress on the battery, and for safety reasons. Early attempts to charge lithium-ion batteries at a constant rate to 100% resulted in a lot of battery fires. The other thing here is that it can be relatively safe to charge up to that 70-75% fairly quickly, but to complete the charge to 100% will take longer - possibly longer than twice the time it takes to get up to 70%.
https://batteryuniversity.com/article/**-409-charging-lithium-ion

Theoretically there can be tiny benefits to charging with a lower current. It will just take longer before it gets to the point where it enters the saturation charge phase.
As far as too hot goes - an iPhone will go into a protection mode. All the user will see is a message that it needs to cool down. It's minimally powered such that just the warning message is displayed. I've seen it a few times, but generally only when I might have placed it in a car in bright sunlight. The message will look like this:

The emergency mode is just to access the phone for making an emergency call.