You might try toggling off and then on the "iMessage" switch at the top of the iPhone Settings for Messages.
Also, on the Macbook Pro make sure that the device is logged in to the same iCloud account, and also within Messages Preferences for the Accounts tab that the same Apple ID shows at the top, "enable this account" is checked, "you can be reached for messages at" indicates both the phone number and the Apple ID, and "start new conversations from" shows your iPhone's phone number. You might try logging out and then in to Messages on the Mac to then see if the Text Message Forwarding Option appears on the phone, it should because then you can turn it off and on for each device that it detects over the internet, e.g. your Mac in this case.
The Text Message Forwarding item in the iPhone Settings for Messages shows up just below "Show Contact Photos" and right above "Send read receipts." But it won't show up if there aren't any other devices logged in to the same Apple ID.