Hmm, okay. What I'm referring to what Apple calls Mobile Device Management (MDM). This is typically used in both educational and business environments to control Apple devices (mainly, iPhones) that they own.
If your company was involved with this, then they would be familiar with the Apple Business Manager which is used to configure/control company assets. If neither of these makes sense to you or your company, the only other thing I can think of is that some form of configuration profile has been installed on this phone that is preventing you from reconfiguring it.
Ref: How to delete an app that has a configuration profile on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support