Thank you very much for your answer. Unfortunately, I spent three hours on the phone yesterday with three different people from Apple tech support. No one was able to help me. The second person said she was a Mac user and couldn't help me and that she specialized in iPhoto and sent me to another person. That person blamed it on my browser (I've tried Chrome, Firefox, and Microsoft Edge) or on my virus protection or malware, etc. None of this seems plausible because I'm able to get the images emailed to me just fine. It's only when I try to download from iCloud that the image size is reduced automatically. He suggested I download iCloud for Windows. It is already on my PC, but when I try to download it again, I get a message that says "This Product is installed." When I click on the blue Launch button, nothing happens. He finally said he was there to help with the iPhone but not my PC, that he had other calls.
I've read the link you sent. My settings were already as suggested except I do not have Optimize Storage selected as I have plenty of storage. Less than half is being used right now.
As I've done many times, I tried everything with one image today. It is a 2.53 MB image on my phone. I've been using the Mail icon to send myself images, and as I mentioned, they come through as full resolution when I choose that. I tried the method suggested in the link: tapping edit, cancel and the box with the up arrow. I email the same image, and both ways, I got the full resolution image, 2.53 MB, 4032 x 3024. No problem.
I then went to iCloud.com and had to choose two images so that I could get a zipped folder because it wouldn't let me download just one image. I then went to my Start button, Apps, and then iCloud, and the very same thing happened. With both methods, the image downloaded as 822 KB, 2048 x 1536, quite a reduction in resolution compared to the email resolution. I did this with three browsers, and with all three, the image was 822 KB when it downloaded to my computer.
Am I the only one to have experienced this problem? And doesn't Apple want their iPhone users to have a good experience even if they have a PC? I'm very frustrated.