Exchange calendar not updated

I have my iCloud calendar for personal use and a Microsoft Exchange calendar for work.

I used to have both of these calendars showing up on my iPhone's Calendar app. According to my calendar, the Exchange calendar is added and working. But it is still showing only a few old recurring events that no longer exist.

To see how my days really look, I have to switch to my Outlook app, where I lack the updated version of my iCloud. So a lack of sync is seen in both directions. But for the sake of this question, let's only focus on the Exchange problem.

With the latest versions of iOS, I assume, an interface change has occurred with regards to how passwords are stored (in Settings > Passwords) which adds up to my confusion.

Is there a procedure to fix this sync so that I get my Exchange calendar on my iOS calendar app? Will I, in some way get notified if things go out of sync again?