Hey 007Charlie!
If it works in safe mode, my very first step would be to remove the Login Items and restart:
Remove login items to resolve startup problems on your Mac:
https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/remove-login-items-resolve-startup-problems-mh21210/mac
Likewise, if I more than one iCloud service isn’t syncing, yet works in safe mode, most likely you have some type of networking/security type software running that’s causing an issue.
I might also check out:
System Preferences > Network. On the left column, you’ll see the interfaces, (WiFi, Ethernet, etc.), if you see any type of VPN, highlight it, press the minus sign below and restart and test.
And also in System Preferences > Security and Privacy > Firewall. If it is on, turn it off, restart and test.
If the issue still occurs:
Does this happen for ALL iCloud services? Such as Photos, Contacts, etc.
Do other accounts on your Mac experience the same issues?
Does the same happen while in different locations and/or on another network?
And last, but not least, did this issue start after any particular event? Such as a software installation, an update, a move or any environmental change, such as a change in your internet provider, a new router, or moved to a new location?
And finally, is this issue only happening on your Mac? Or is it also happening on your other devices?
Thanks! Sorry to bombard with questions, the answers may help to find a resolution though. Cheers!