MacOS Big Sur 11.4 Apple ID Login Loop
I am unable to login on my 2017 27" iMac with my Apple ID. My ID is not locked, and in fact I can login to appleid.apple.com on my iMac from Safari, but not using the dialogue in System Preferences > Apple ID. I have successfully changed my password using my phone, but the problem persists. Of course, since I cannot login with my Apple ID, e-mail is worthless, as are most other services that require authentication to my Apple account. At this point my iMac is a glorified web browser.
Perhaps on a related note, I am also unable to upgrade to the latest Big Sur release, 11.5.1. I have tried and failed to complete the upgrade maybe 10 times, but it simply quits before the process has completed, sometimes after a reboot, and I still stuck on 11.4. My 2TB HD is about half full, so disk space is not an issue. I have tried downloading the installer locally, but that also fails. The upgrade worked great on a recent generation MacBook Air.
I would prefer not to have to wipe and rebuild this desktop from scratch, because it contains the bulk of my music and photo libraries collected over the better part of 20 years. I've read several articles on this issue, but none of the remedies suggested in them have worked. As a long-time Apple user (my first Apple product was a //e purchased in 1984), I have remained steadfastly loyal to the platform, but this issue is trying my allegiance.