Hey there!
Normally, for this type of issue, I’d reset Font Book:
https://support.apple.com/guide/font-book/restore-fonts-that-came-with-your-mac-fb34862/mac
Then reset the printing system:
https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/reset-mac-printing-system-solve-a-problem-mh14001/mac
Re-add the printer/scanner and test, but this would be if the question marks were showing on the Mac and not the final, printed product.
Likewise, if seen on Mac, I’ve seen removing third party login items, plugins and launch/startup items, restarting have fixed similar issues, but again, this is if the fonts show question marks on the Mac itself.
Considering it shows normal on the Mac interface, but not as a printed product, yet works using a generic print profile/driver, definitely insinuates an issue with the printer software/firmware, etc.
Remember the HP issue last year? Due to a certificate signing issue, many HP Printers stopped working on Macs, this is of course way different, but I can see how a similar bug could affect many people.
In any case, hope they work it out soon, I retired my HP printer last year, but know what a pain it can be when it’s not working right. There are alternatives though, but if a Mac issue I’d follow the two articles above.