The scenario described by otakusan555 is very similar to what I've been seeing. I've spent multiple hours on the phone with Apple support and now with Tier 3 level support from Microsoft. To condense down some of the things we've concluded in the most recent call with Microsoft:
1) It appears to be a USB communication problem between the phone and the PC. Likely somewhere inside the USB software in Windows. Not related to the USB cable or connection -- just the communication via USB cable between the phone and pc.
2) I tested last night with an Android phone and it has the same problem.
3) It doesn't appear to be related to any of the windows apps. We've tried multiple different programs to view and edit the photos.
4) There are a number of errors every time you disconnect the USB cable -- supporting the USB communication theory. Those errors will continue to pop up hours after the device was disconnected.
5) Importing photos from the phone to iCloud or to PC using the Photo app seems to work ok. Once the photo is off the phone -- then you can work with it like normal.
6) For the pc in particular -- you'll want to make sure the photos are downloaded in jpg format to eliminate other issues that can pop up using the heic format.
7) You can't use file explorer to view, copy, delete, move, rename or edit the photos on the phone. Can't do anything with them until you import off the phone.
I have another session set with Microsoft support for Friday and will post back here when I know more.