iPhone Apple ID login rejecting Mac password

I recently got a newer iPhone 11. I thought I had already logged into my Apple ID, but later I had a notification in Settings saying "Update Apple ID Settings > Some account services will not be available until you sign in again." I then enter my Apple ID password (which I have verified works via web), then it asks for my iPhone passcode, and then it asks for my Mac Pro password. This is where it fails. When I enter my Mac password it says it's incorrect (yet I seem to be able to log into my Mac with that password multiple times/day).

I haven't found anything like this on internet and don't know what to do at this point. For reasons I can't explain here I can't just change my Mac password, so I need to be able to make it through this screen with my existing password. I even tried my Apple ID again on this screen wondering if it meant the password I use to log into my Apple ID on my Mac, but that's rejected also.

Anyone have any ideas I can try?