That is the exact same error that I am getting. I even created a new appleid and associated new email account and the problem still existed on that new account so it is not account specific for me.
I also tried on my iPad (using Safari) and the problem was there also, so I don't think it is caused by your upgrade to Big Sur.
I have also tried different browsers, different IP address (by rebooting my router) and still the same problem.
I was also able to empty trash by using the Mail app which I guess means the problem is not with the mail servers but with the iCloud infrastructure itself.
If I get a useful reply from Apple Support regarding this problem I will post it here.