Clicked on a fake link

From that webpage, probably not.

From clicking on links in mail, quite possibly.

Some background on a few of the many scams:

Recognize and avoid phishing messages, phony support calls, and other scams - Apple Support

Phishing for passwords and other scams works well, too.

And it’s easier than breaching iPhone security.

You clicked on a link in a sketchy email and got what seems to be an HTTP 404 webpage-not-found error.

You got that webpage in another language.

You wish to know whether you are now compromised.

In short, you wish to know if something bad happen here.

Probably not.

Why “probably”? Some considerations…

1. nobody knows. Nobody can know. Not without device-level access and forensics. And maybe not then.
2. Even if you gave us the apparently-404 link, different accessors can get different webpages.
3. scam links can be in any language (since you might be keying off that language)
4. the best scam links are in a language that the reader understands.
5. clicking on links and unsubscribe and such tends to attract the attention of scammers, and more targeted phishing efforts.
6. clicking on links can potentially compromise devices, though that tends to be rare and targeted
7. we don’t know enough about you yourself too know whether you’re worth specific targeting.

Patch your iPhone and apps to current. Use robust and unique passwords. Fix what is reported security recommendations found in Settings > Passwords. Don’t click in links in email. Etc.

If you’re really concerned about this (and particularly if you’re a worthwhile target), wipe and re-install. For most of us, I would not bother reinstalling here for what is seemingly a 404 webpage.