How do you add another source to receive a verification code?

Hi t-dub42,

welcome to the Apple Community.

Apple support have articles online that may help:

Re: My iPhone will not turn on past the apple icon

If your iPhone is stuck on the Apple Logo

(Scroll to If your iPhone turns on but gets stuck during start up)

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201412

Hope this helps you get into your iPhone ok.

Re Verification

It seems there are a few ways you can get a verification code.:

You can use the code displayed on your trusted device, 

   get a text, or phone call, 

   generate a code from your trusted device.

   or by verifying a six-digit code sent to your primary email address.

You might want to browse through these articles below,

to see what will work best for you.

Then carefully follow the steps in the article.

Get a verification code and sign in with two-factor authentication

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204974

Two-factor authentication for Apple ID

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204915

Availability of two-factor authentication for Apple ID

(You might want to check that it is available in your country)

https://support.apple.com/en-au/HT205075

If you didn’t receive your verification or reset e-mail

https://support.apple.com/en-au/HT201455

All the best :)