My workaround to the bad IQ of 3x lens shot with stock Camera app is to pull down EV by one or two step; this somehow hints the app to stick to 3x lens by exposing with higher ISO or slower shutter. The image will be sharp and natural as expected; it may often be somewhat under exposed but you can easily pull up the shadow area without impact to overall IQ.
Note that the better way of stepping down EV is swiping up the live window to reveal the hidden control bar and press the EV compensation button (a circle with + and - sign in it). A traditional EV scale will pop up, allowing user to adjust the EV in discrete 0.3 step.
This workaround doesn't always works, and will surely fail if the subject plane is not far enough (this sounds making sense but Apple's digital zoom processing is far far behind Google's; the sharpness is definitely worse than just shooting with 1x and zooming it later in decent image editor).
Also notes that night mode may kick in when Camera decides that the field of view is too dark even for the f1.5 wide lens; in this case, Camera will usually stick to 3x lens exposing in one or more seconds, giveing out bright and sharp enough image.
But what a pain to learn this nonsense lesson!
I came from iPhone 6s so I didn't know Apple's auto-switching-from-telephoto-to-wide smartness and never encountered it in any real camera hooked with a zoom lens.
I was very disappointed to find out the IQ of its 3x lens at 77mm is much less sharper than my loved Cannon G7X zoomed only at 50mm (but not really frustrated since smartphone camera could never been in the same ballpark as the pocketable G7X).
There is no way I could attribute this bad IQ to it's been shot with zooming the wide lens, I didn't notice at that time any visual transitions from 3x lens to 1x lens (the switching is so seamless, an Apple magic show), and how am I supposed to check the parameter if it was shot with a 77mm lens? In the info pane there was that '77mm' supposed to be focal length, that 'Wide Camera -- 26 mm f1.5' lens info did not trigger alarm to me who never owned a smartphone with more than one lens.
I didn't figure the root cause of bad 3x IQ until I shot in exactly the same scene and lighting condition using Halide for evaluating apps offering more manual controls. The IQ from Halide is not to be competed with G7X in 55mm zoom but definitely much better than those shot with built-in app.
This forced me to carefully compare the exposure parameters and the first thing I noticed is stock app's f1.5 vs Halide's f2.8, and still didn't notice the lens used were different, because I never saw this kind of thing in my whole life in photography. Aperture, shuttle speed, even ISO may be adjusted depending on the exposure mode, but how can the lens be swapped or zoom setting be changed silently?
So my theory at that instant was the 3x lens is way more blurrier when wide open and Halide developer knew it and decided to always fall back to f2.8 and compensate it with stepping up ISO or slowing down shutter speed. I even proudly announced to my wife that I finally figured out the cause of the bad IQ of telephoto lens and requested a kiss honor.
A few hours later, while I was posting my finding and writing about the 3x lens resolution in f1.5 vs f2.8, it occurred to me that the widest aperture of 3x lens is 2.8! There is no way the stock Camera app could shoot 3x lens in f1.5 and no smartness of Halide developer in avoiding it.